World Journal of Sociology and Law (WJSL) is an international peer-reviewed, open access journal.
GLOBAL COUNTER-PROLIFERATION FINANCING GOVERNANCE: OVERCOMING THE TRIPLE DILEMMA IN THE VUCA ERA
Against the backdrop of the global VUCA era characterized by volatility, uncertainty, complexity, and ambiguity, the Counter-Proliferation Financing (CPF) governance system confronts unprecedented systemic challenges. This paper examines the triple dilemma of technological disruption, institutional fragmentation, and political polarization that currently besets global CPF governance. Drawing upon international relations theory and public goods economics, the study analyzes how technological, institutional, and political failures intertwine to produce emergent systemic risks. The paper argues that the traditional Westphalian governance paradigm exhibits structural lag in addressing transnational proliferation financing risks. It proposes a paradigm shift from rule-based to risk-based governance, emphasizing multilateral cooperation, technological interoperability, and inclusive institutional design. The study advocates for strengthening international public goods provision, enhancing cross-border data-sharing mechanisms, and empowering developing countries through capacity-building initiatives to ensure that CPF governance becomes more effective, equitable, and sustainable.
Copyright (c) 2026 YaDan Zhao https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
EVALUATION AND DETERMINANTS OF THE SOCIAL INTEGRATION EFFECTIVENESS OF URBAN COMMUNITY SPORTS SPACES
Against the backdrop of ongoing urbanization and the deepening of community-based governance, urban community sports spaces serve not only as important venues for residents’ physical activity and leisure, but also as everyday public spaces with the potential to foster neighborhood interaction, strengthen community ties, and promote social integration. From the perspective of social integration, this study examines the social integration effectiveness of urban community sports spaces, with particular attention to its conceptual meaning, dimensional structure, and key influencing factors. First, the study clarifies the notion of social integration in community sports spaces and conceptualizes social integration effectiveness along three core dimensions: interaction, social relationships, and identity/participation. Second, based on questionnaire survey data, field observations, and interview materials, the study analyzes the overall performance of social integration effectiveness in urban community sports spaces. The findings indicate that such spaces play a relatively strong role in facilitating everyday contact and interaction among residents, but remain more limited in promoting deeper relationship building, community identification, and sustained public participation. Overall, social integration effectiveness exhibits a declining pattern from surface-level interaction to deeper forms of integration. Further analysis suggests that social integration effectiveness is not an automatic outcome of spatial existence itself, but rather the combined result of spatial conditions, governance support, and residents’ usage behavior. In particular, accessibility, openness, facility adequacy, safety, and comfort provide the basic conditions; governance-related factors such as activity organization, rule guidance, and community organizational involvement play an important facilitating role; and residents’ frequency of use, duration of stay, and degree of joint participation directly shape the realization of integration outcomes. The study argues that future development of urban community sports spaces should place greater emphasis on their social and public functions, and should more fully release their integrative potential through improvements in spatial environment, organizational governance, and the quality of social interaction.
Copyright (c) 2026 DingRui Dai; MingYang Chen; QingXu Guo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
When studying the copyrightability of AIGC, we should focus on analyzing authorship and originality. First, under the backdrop of new technologies, the core approach of defining authorship based on the actual creator remains unchanged, similar to traditional creative models. The significance of establishing authorship in copyright law lies in assessing the creator's causal responsibility for the creative expression produced. Consequently, the focus shifts to how causal relationships can explain the impact of pre- and mid-creative phase actions on authorship. Second, within China's legal practice, originality is typically decomposed into two dimensions—“independence” and “creativity”—for interpretation and definition. Firstly, “independence” represents the independence of the creative process, signifying a work independently completed by the author and originating from their labor, rather than plagiarized, altered, or appropriated from others. Secondly, “originality” denotes creativity, meaning the work must embody the author's intellectual creation and individual expression, encompassing a minimum level of creative labor.
Copyright (c) 2026 ShuJie Si https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE ROLE AND CONTRIBUTION OF MIDDLE-AGED WOMEN IN THE MODEL OF SHARED CARE FOR THE ELDERLY AND CHILDREN--A CASE STUDY OF AN INTEGRATED SERVICE CENTER FOR THE ELDERLY AND CHILDREN IN CITY B
This study focuses on an integrated service center for the elderly and the young in City B. It explores in-depth its transition from a single elderly care institution to an intergenerational co-care platform, with a special focus on the pivotal role played by middle-aged women in the process. The study adopts a diachronic institutional analysis perspective, and through combing policy texts, reading key literature, and conducting in-depth interviews, reveals how middle-aged women have successfully transferred their family caregiving experience to community service scenarios, realizing the role transition from "private caregiver" to "public coordinator". The study reveals how middle-aged women successfully transfer their family caregiving experiences to community service scenarios, realizing the transition from "private caregiver" to "public coordinator". The study found that middle-aged women, with their unique ability to transform resources, made significant contributions to intergenerational interactions, resource integration and emotional support, and contributed to the improvement of the quality and efficiency of community services. Despite the geographical limitations of the study, the results provide innovative solutions to the challenges of population aging and childlessness, and highlight the need to further optimize the model of co-parenting between the elderly and the young through policy support and institutional innovation. Future research should expand the scope and delve deeper into the psychological state and career development needs of middle-aged women in order to refine the understanding of the model and promote its wider application.
Copyright (c) 2025 ZhengJia Lu; YuChen Zhou; WanRong Liu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
HAMLET AS A MODEL OF ETHICAL LEADERSHIP: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF COMPASSION, EQUALITY, AND MORAL JUDGMENT
Throughout history, the question of what constitutes great leadership has spurred philosophical debates, literary inquiry, and political analysis. From Machiavelli’s cold calculation to Rousseau’s social conscience, ideas of leadership oscillate between power and principle. William Shakespeare’s Hamlet offers a compelling dramatic space to explore this tension. Prince Hamlet, while often criticized for his hesitation and internal torment, ultimately presents a vision of leadership grounded not in control or charisma, but in moral introspection, emotional authenticity, and egalitarian respect. In contrast, King Claudius—outwardly more decisive and effective—embodies a leadership model marred by self-interest, manipulation, and moral vacuity. By comparing these two figures, Hamlet becomes not only a tragedy of revenge, but also a meditation on ethical governance and the invisible burdens of truly principled leadership.
Copyright (c) 2025 DongQiao Chen https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
NAVIGATING PRIVACY PROTECTION IN THE ERA OF DIGITAL PUBLIC SPACES
The International Education College of Jiangxi Normal University's research on "protection of privacy rights in public spaces" cannot be divorced from the spatial context and examined in "privacy rights". With the advent of the digital age, public space is no longer just a concept of physical space, but deeply integrated with digital technology, forming an integrated unity of physical and virtual spaces. The widespread coverage of public digital devices is impacting the traditional privacy protection system, and the demand for protecting individual privacy rights in public spaces is becoming increasingly prominent. This study systematically analyzes the historical evolution of privacy rights and the digitalization of public spaces from the perspective of digital public spaces. Through classic cases, it reveals three core dilemmas in privacy protection within China's digital public spaces. Based on this, this paper proposes pathways for implementing privacy protection in digital public spaces, examining legislative, judicial, and social governance perspectives.
Copyright (c) 2025 ChunYu Ma; TongYao Zhong https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
STATUTORY PRIORITY AND SECURITY INTERESTS: THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL DIMENSIONS IN CIVIL AND COMMERCIAL LAW
In the modern credit economy, the tension between statutory priority and consensual security interests has emerged as a focal point in both academic and practical spheres. This study aims to explore the theoretical justification of statutory priority and evaluate its impact on transaction safety and efficiency. Employing methodologies of comparative legal analysis, doctrinal analysis, and law and economics, this paper identifies specific conflicts between statutory priorities and security interests, particularly highlighting inconsistencies in the application of the Civil Code of the People's Republic of China . The study defines the core conflict between the "First-in-Time" rule (temporal priority) and policy-oriented statutory priorities, arguing that the uncertainty of the latter undermines the predictability of secured transactions. Theoretically, the paper contrasts contractarian theory—emphasizing party autonomy and notice filing efficiency—with communitarian justice theory, which justifies protecting vulnerable creditors, while utilizing the "Cheapest Cost Avoider" principle and monitoring cost theory as analytical tools for priority allocation from a law and economics perspective. Through a comparative analysis of the Chinese Civil Code , UCC Article 9 (USA), and German law, the research focuses on case studies regarding construction liens and Purchase Money Security Interests (PMSI). It empirically analyzes the hierarchy of rights involving tax liens, secured claims, and employee claims; specifically, it examines how Article 807 of the Civil Code disrupts the expectations of mortgagees and addresses the conflict between PMSI "super priority" and existing floating charges. Furthermore, the discussion weighs efficiency against fairness, characterizing statutory priority as a "hidden lien" that increases credit costs, and examines the impact of priority rules on the Absolute Priority Rule (APR) in bankruptcy reorganization. Finally, the study proposes a balanced hierarchy model to optimize creditor protection and advocates for a strict registration system for statutory priorities to enhance transparency, concluding with the necessity to limit the scope of statutory priorities to maintain the integrity of the secured credit system and offering suggestions for future judicial interpretations and legislative reforms.
Copyright (c) 2026 YuXin Dai https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
A SURVEY STUDY ON THE CURRENT STATUS OF COLLEGE STUDENTS’ LIFE VALUES
College students are in a critical period for the formation of life values, and their value orientations not only shape individual developmental trajectories but also profoundly influence the construction of the broader social value system. This study, based on a questionnaire survey conducted among college students at a university in Guangzhou, systematically examines the current state of their life values. The results reveal that in the new era, college students’ life values exhibit an overall positive and progressive orientation. Most students place social responsibility and collective interests at the core of their value considerations, demonstrating strong identification with the core socialist values, an enterprising life attitude, and a keen interest in social and public affairs. However, under the combined pressures of increasing social competition and practical challenges, a minority of students display individualistic tendencies and utilitarian value preferences, with tensions emerging between ideal aspirations and realistic constraints. Further analysis indicates significant differences across demographic variables such as gender, major type, political affiliation, and parental education level in aspects of life value goals, attitudes, and evaluations, reflecting the diversity and differentiation of life values among contemporary college students. In view of these findings, the cultivation of college students’ life values requires a collaborative educational framework integrating society, schools, families, and individuals. Society should build fair and inclusive platforms for development; schools should enhance ideological and political education with humanistic care; families should strengthen intergenerational communication and serve as role models; and individuals should engage in self-reflection and practical experience to achieve the organic unity of social and self-values.
Copyright (c) 2025 HaiYing Deng; Sheng Huang; WeiLi Qiao https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
A GLIMPSE INTO CHINA’S DAILY WAGE LABOR FORCE: BASED ON SURVEY DATA FROM BEIJING, GUANGZHOU, AND QINGDAO
The research provides a systematic empirical analysis of China's daily wage labor force based on 1,092 questionnaire surveys conducted in Beijing, Guangzhou, and Qingdao in 2023. The findings reveal a diverse demographic profile predominantly composed of middle-aged, married, male migrants with agricultural household registration (hukou), characterized by generally vulnerable economic conditions and weak family resilience against risks. Analysis of employment quality indicates that daily wage workers occupy a precarious position marked by high risk and low security, featuring job instability, high labor intensity, and extremely low social insurance coverage. The study reveals that daily wage labor serves as a "last-resort" option under structural exclusion from the formal labor market, and their living conditions reflect institutional shortcomings in the informal employment sector. Finally, policy recommendations are proposed regarding innovating social security systems and strengthening public employment services.
Copyright (c) 2025 ZiYi Yang; Yan Feng; XiaoJian Zhang https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
ELIZABETH BENNET’S JOURNEY TOWARD LOVE: FROM MISJUDGMENT TO MUTUAL UNDERSTANDING
This essay examines Elizabeth Bennet' s emotional and moral development in Jane Austen' s Pride and Prejudice, arguing that her journey toward love is not a product of romantic impulse, but of introspective growth and ethical clarity. Through her shifting perception of Mr. Darcy-from initial prejudice to mature admiration-Elizabeth embodies Austen' s broader vision of love as a product of mutual transformation, not social convenience or superficial charm. Her strength lies not in moral perfection, but in her rare willingness to confront her own failings, distinguish character from class, and choose love as an act of humility and understanding. Through contrast with other female characters such as Charlotte Lucas, Lady Catherine, and Mrs. Bennet, the essay further explores how Austen critiques the rigid gender and class structures of her time. Ultimately, Elizabeth' s journey reveals that true love requires not only affection but self-knowledge, courage, and the ability to grow beyond inherited expectations.
Copyright (c) 2025 Dongqiao Chen https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE SHAPING AND COMMUNICATION OF GUANGZHOU CITY IMAGE: A CORPUS-BASED STUDY OF CHINESE MAIN MEDIA
In the contemporary context characterized by the in-depth advancement of globalization and the accelerated iteration of urbanization, urban image serves as a concrete carrier of national cultural confidence. Its construction logic and communication efficiency have become one of the core indicators for measuring a country’s cultural soft power. As a core engine city in China’s Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, a millennium-old commercial capital, and an international gateway hub linking domestic and foreign markets, the strategic shaping and systematic communication of Guangzhou’s urban image are not only related to the city’s own global competitiveness, but also of irreplaceable value for demonstrating China’s concept of open development and enhancing the country’s cultural discourse power. This study adopts Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) as its theoretical framework, integrates the quantitative analysis method of corpus linguistics, and constructs a corpus by selecting news texts mentioning “Guangzhou” (from 2019 to 2024) from representative platforms of domestic mainstream media: People’s Daily (print edition and official website) and the overseas website of China Daily (the English news section targeting international audiences). It analyzes the international urban image of Guangzhou shaped and communicated from the perspective of “self-construction” by Chinese mainstream media, focusing on high-frequency words, keywords and their collocations. By using corpus tools such as AntConc for word frequency statistics, keyword clustering, and collocation co-occurrence analysis, this study systematically deconstructs the construction path and communication focus of mainstream media on Guangzhou’s international urban image from the “self-construction” perspective. The results show that the image of Guangzhou presented by Chinese mainstream media exhibits distinct characteristics: in the economic dimension, it focuses on being a “commercial and trade hub” and an “innovation highland”; in the cultural dimension, it emphasizes “openness and inclusiveness” and “integration of the ancient and the modern”; and in the livelihood dimension, it highlights “livable city construction” and “people’s well-being”. Relevant research further puts forward specific suggestions for improving the communication effect of Guangzhou’s international image, aiming to further enhance the city’s global influence. This study can provide a theoretical reference and practical paradigm for the image construction of similar domestic international gateway cities, and contribute to promoting the upgrading of urban image communication from “self-construction” to “benign interaction between self-construction and other-construction”.
Copyright (c) 2025 YongQi An; XinMing Cai; Fei Deng https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
LEGAL FRAMEWORKS FOR EQUITABLE CLINICAL SKILL TRANSFER IN PERINATAL CARE: A CROSS-REGIONAL COLLABORATION MODEL
This study explores the legal and institutional architectures governing skill transfer mechanisms in maternal-child healthcare capacity building under China’s interprovincial collaboration framework. Through a systematic analysis of policy documents (2020–2023), including interregional agreements, standardized training protocols, and cross-jurisdictional partnership accords, four critical legal dimensions emerge: (1) development of competency metrics anchored in evidence-based clinical criteria; (2) liability demarcation protocols for telemedicine education addressing cross-border malpractice jurisdiction; 3) intellectual property regimes governing co-developed pedagogical resources with adaptive revenue-sharing mechanisms; and (4) equity-driven implementation frameworks for disseminating standardized neonatal resuscitation algorithms. Adopting a mixed-methodology design, the research integrates qualitative analysis of five provincial collaborative networks (e.g., Guangdong-Hunan Health Corridor and Yangtze Delta Consortium) with quantitative assessments of 320 healthcare professionals across tertiary hospitals. Empirical results demonstrate that structured interprovincial agreements enhance skill parity by 34% (p<0.01) in resource-limited regions relative to informal collaborations, particularly in perinatal ultrasound competency development. Persistent challenges include jurisdictional conflicts in telemedicine licensure reciprocity and sustainability of resource-sharing mechanisms post-initial funding cycles. The findings inform proposed amendments to national health collaboration guidelines, advocating for: (1) performance-contingent funding models with quarterly competency verification; (2) blockchain-enabled credential authentication systems for interregional knowledge transfer; (3) rotating expert committees for protocol standardization; and 4) AI-driven gap analysis tools for provincial maternal care networks.
Copyright (c) 2025 ZiLin Zhang; Wei Han; JiaJia Chai https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE IDENTIFICATION AND REGULATION OF FALSE ADVERTISING BEHAVIORS UNDER THE ANTI-UNFAIR COMPETITION LAW -- THE CASE OF GUANGZHOU PHARMACEUTICAL GROUP V. JIADUOBAO FOR FALSE ADVERTISING
"False advertising" is one of the important illegal competitive acts regulated by China's Anti-Unfair Competition Law, and it is also a common malicious competitive act in practice and reality. Therefore, the criteria for determining "false advertising" have practical significance and research value. When determining whether a certain competitive act constitutes the improper competitive act of "false advertising", the commercial freedom of speech of the competing entities, the order of market competition and the demands of economic development should be comprehensively considered. Based on this, the Supreme People's Court of China has issued a guiding case: Guangzhou Wanglaoji Health Industry Co., Ltd. v. Jiaduobao (China) Beverage Co., Ltd. for false advertising dispute. This case not only provides a reference standard for judicial handling of similar false advertising disputes, but also can effectively guide market participants to conduct market competition activities in accordance with the principle of good faith. This article examines the case, explores the criteria for identifying and regulating false advertising behavior, and explores the balance and boundaries between restricting unfair competitive behavior and encouraging the free development of the market.
Copyright (c) 2025 HongFei Yu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE USE OF HISTORICAL SOURCES IN PETER BROWN’S THROUGH THE EYE OF A NEEDLE: FROM INDIVIDUAL EXPERIENCE TO HISTORICAL RECONSTRUCTION
This paper examines Peter Brown’s methodological innovations in Through the Eye of a Needle, with particular emphasis on his use of private documents, sermons, wills, and official records to reconstruct the religious, social, and economic transformations of Late Antiquity. By analyzing the cases of Symmachus and Ambrose, the study demonstrates how Brown employs epistolary networks and ecclesiastical texts to reveal the shifting moral economy of wealth and the integration of Christianity into civic life. The paper argues that Brown bridges micro-level individual experiences with macro-historical structures, offering a polyphonic and intertextual narrative that reframes wealth as spiritual capital and highlights the continuity and transformation of Roman aristocratic traditions. Ultimately, Brown’s work illustrates how subtle shifts in language, rhetorical strategies, and practices of giving not only illuminate individual belief systems but also reshape our understanding of the historical reconfiguration of late Roman society.
Copyright (c) 2025 ZhaoYuan Chen https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE RELATIVISM DILEMMA IN AI VALUE ALIGNMENT AND THE CONSTRUCTION OF A CONTEXT-ADAPTIVE PLURALISTIC ETHICAL FRAMEWORK
The alignment of artificial intelligence (AI) with human values is not merely a technical challenge but a profound ethical conundrum. Value alignment seeks to ensure that AI systems behave in accordance with human values; however, the relativity of value norms across cultural communities renders “singular alignment” unattainable. This paper examines the cultural relativism dilemma in AI value alignment from two perspectives: first, the philosophical tension between universalism and relativism; second, the encoding difficulties of plural cultural values in technical implementation. Through this analysis, the paper argues that effective value alignment must be grounded in a context-adaptive pluralistic ethical framework that respects cultural differences while avoiding moral relativism.
Copyright (c) 2025 LiWei Xue https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
SELF-PREFERENTIAL TREATMENT OF DIGITAL PLATFORMS AND ITS ANTI-MONOPOLY REGULATION
The rapid development of the digital economy has given rise to the issue of self-preferential treatment by digital platforms. This paper argues that self-preferential treatment stems from the dual role of platform operators and the "anchoring effect" in the operation of digital platforms. Self-preferential treatment conducted by digital platforms is a manifestation of the leverage effect in the digital economy, thus requiring corresponding anti-monopoly regulation. However, platform self-preferential treatment is significantly different from the restricted transactions, tying, and differential treatment stipulated in the current Anti-Monopoly Law. It should be regarded as an independent abuse of dominant market position and the concept of digital essential facilities should be introduced to regulate such behavior.
Copyright (c) 2025 XuRui Wang https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE THEORETICAL LOGIC AND SYSTEMATIC CONSTRUCTION OF THE JUVENILE CRIMINAL RECORD EXPUNGEMENT SYSTEM
The label of a previous criminal record severely impedes the resocialization process of juvenile offenders. To counteract this negative effect, establishing a system for the elimination of minors' previous criminal records has emerged as a prevalent trend in the international community and a widely shared social consensus. This system serves as special protection for minors' rights and interests and is an inevitable requirement for promoting the construction of criminal integration. Although current Chinese laws have already established the exemption of minors from the obligation to report previous criminal records and the system for sealing criminal records, a genuine system for eliminating minors' previous criminal records has yet to be established. In judicial practice, it still confronts numerous challenges, including ambiguous regulations on the methods of elimination, a narrow scope of application, and unclear stipulations regarding the probation period for elimination. Thus, guided by the principle of legality of crimes and punishments, a systematic construction of this system should be implemented to effectively safeguard minors' rights to reintegrate into society.
Copyright (c) 2025 JiaYuCheng Zhang https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE CHINESE LOGIC OF FAIR COMPETITION REVIEW UNDER THE THRESHOLD OF INSTITUTIONAL CHANGE: RECONSTRUCTION OF THE GOVERNMENT-MARKET RELATIONSHIP BASED ON THE TRANSFORMATION OF THE SOCIALIST MARKET ECONOMY SYSTEM
Adjustment of government-market relations in the context of deepening transformation of the socialist market economy system is not only the core proposition of the theoretical innovation of the socialist market economy with Chinese characteristics, but also the strategic issue of systematic openness in the transformation of the global governance system. This paper takes the fair competition review system as a research sample, and based on the cross-analytical framework of institutional economics and regulatory jurisprudence, systematically explains the regulatory logic and realization path of this institutional innovation on the dynamic adjustment of government-market relations in the transition period. The study shows that the evolution of China' s fair competition review system is characterized by the synergistic evolution of the triple logic of politics, economy and rule of law - in the political dimension, it is the dialectical unity of political leadership and system supply under the centralized and unified leadership of the Party Central Committee, and in the economic dimension, it reflects the deepening demand for the reform of market allocation of factors to break administrative monopoly, while in the rule of law dimension, it shows the deepening demand for the reform of market allocation of factors to break administrative monopoly. The dimension of the rule of law highlights the inherent requirements of the transformation from administrative control to the rule of law governance paradigm. Through the construction of the "pilot-propagation" system implementation mechanism, the dynamic balance between the central coordination of regulatory authority and local exploration of system innovation has been realized, forming a paradigmatic model of gradual and adaptive system innovation. From the perspective of system effectiveness, this model not only effectively regulates the path-dependent inertia of the traditional planned economy system, but also prospectively prevents the externality risk of the neo-liberal governance paradigm, and provides an institutional innovation paradigm for the emerging market economies to build a modern economic governance system in which the government is competent, the market is effective, and the rule of law is in order. The theoretical value of this paper lies in the fact that by revealing the composite power mechanism of political potential, market law and rule of law in the process of China' s institutional change, it not only expands the explanatory dimension of institutional economics theory in transition economies, but also, more importantly, constructs an autonomous knowledge system of the basic theories of competition policy; and its practical revelation lies in the fact that it provides an operational system optimization for the construction of a new era of perfecting the market-determined factor allocation mechanism and advancing the rule of law-oriented business environment. Its practical revelation is that it provides an operable system optimization path for improving the market-determined factor allocation mechanism and promoting the rule of law business environment in the new era.
Copyright (c) 2025 JinYa Bai https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
HOW TAKEOUT PACKAGING UNDERMINES CONSUMER RIGHTS: AN EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION
This paper, through empirical investigation, exposes the hidden violations of consumer rights in takeout packaging and attempts to propose corresponding countermeasures. The research findings reveal that takeout packaging issues pose invisible infringements on consumers' right to information, right to opt, right to just and fair dealings, and right to food safety. Consequently, this paper suggests establishing and improving laws, policies, and standards for takeout packaging, constructing a comprehensive and efficient regulatory mechanism, enhancing diversified dispute resolution mechanisms, and clarifying platform responsibilities and obligations.
Copyright (c) 2025 YuanKun Liu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
BANGLADESH’S PATENT ACT– ALIGNING WITH GLOBAL STANDARDS OR FALLING SHORT? A COMPARATIVE STUDY
The Bangladesh Patents Act 2023 marks a pivotal reform in the nation’s intellectual property framework, replacing outdated laws to align with modern standards. This research provides a comparative analysis of the Act, focusing on its potential to foster innovation while safeguarding public interests. The study identifies strengths and limitations in the legislation by comparing Bangladesh's framework with the patent systems of India, the United Kingdom, Australia, Pakistan, and the United States. Key provisions, including patentable subject matter, compulsory licensing, and patent duration, are assessed against international best practices. The analysis highlights the Act’s emphasis on novelty, inventive steps, and industrial applicability while identifying gaps such as insufficient safeguards against "evergreening" and weak procedural mechanisms for opposition. Although the Act introduces measures to address public health concerns and support innovation, its implementation and institutional capacity remain challenges. This article argues that stronger compulsory licensing frameworks, enhanced opposition procedures, and stricter patentability criteria are crucial. It concludes with recommendations to reform Bangladesh’s patent system, ensuring it supports economic growth, public health, and global competitiveness.
Copyright (c) 2024 Fardeen Bin Abdullah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
TEMPORARILY APPLICABLE MODEL FOR INTERNATIONAL CRIME DEFENSE
With the increasing severity of international crime, traditional model backgrounds and assumptions can no longer meet the analysis requirements. This article appropriately adopts a new type of analysis model to analyze defense measures for police or government department,create a new concept of "Long Loong block information module".
Copyright (c) 2024 LinFeng Murong https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
OPTIMIZING LEGAL RECOMMENDATION SYSTEMS WITH HYBRID DEEP LEARNING APPROACHES
This paper explores the optimization of legal recommendation systems through the application of hybrid deep learning approaches. As the volume of legal information continues to grow, traditional methods of legal research have become inadequate, necessitating the integration of advanced technologies to improve efficiency and accuracy in document retrieval. The proposed hybrid framework combines Convolutional Neural Networks, Recurrent Neural Networks , and Transformers to enhance the personalization and relevance of recommendations for legal professionals. The findings indicate that this hybrid model significantly outperforms traditional keyword-based systems by providing context-aware and nuanced recommendations, ultimately aiding legal practitioners in navigating vast repositories of legal documents more effectively. The implications for legal practice are profound, as the framework can automate document analysis, allowing professionals to focus on strategic tasks. Future research directions include expanding the diversity of training data, enhancing user feedback mechanisms, and exploring the explainability of AI-driven recommendations in legal contexts.
Copyright (c) 2024 Viet Hung Nguyen; Reeva Valentine https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
FISCAL POLICY AND INCOME INEQUALITY: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF POLICY EFFECTS
This study aims to explore the relationship between fiscal policy and income inequality, analyzing the effects of different fiscal policies in regulating income distribution. Through literature review and case studies, the research finds that progressive taxation and public spending policies play significant roles in alleviating income disparity, especially evident in Nordic countries. In contrast, the effectiveness of fiscal policies in the United States and China is influenced by various factors, including economic development levels and social structures. The findings suggest that governments should optimize taxation and public spending while considering regional development differences to achieve more effective wealth redistribution and promote common prosperity.
Copyright (c) 2024 JuanJuan Huang; ChaoMin Gao https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
LEGAL REGULATION OF PERSONAL HEALTH DATA SHARING IN THE EU AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR CHINA
In practice, personal health data involves multiple subjects and diverse forms of interests, and problems such as insufficient data autonomy, privacy protection, and weak supervision have not been effectively solved, seriously hindering the development and utilization of personal health data. In view of this, this paper explores the beneficial practices of personal health data protection in the EU from legislative and practical perspectives, and proposes corresponding countermeasures to enhance China's legal protection system for personal health data, which mainly includes: (1) improving relevant legislation to fully guarantee the sharing of personal health data; (2) protecting patient privacy to safeguard the exercise of data subject rights; (3) strengthening the construction of technical standards to promote trustworthy circulation among data controllers: (4) clarifying profit rules to safeguard the legitimate interests of data processors and users.
Copyright (c) 2024 ZhaoXia Deng https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE CURRENT STATUS, CHALLENGES, AND STRATEGIES OF GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATION PROTECTION FOR AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS IN CHINA
This study aims to analyze the current status, challenges, and strategies of geographical indication (GI) protection for agricultural products in China. Through literature review and theoretical analysis, this paper first outlines the theoretical foundations and practical cases of GI protection both domestically and internationally, with a focus on evaluating the implementation effectiveness of China's existing legal framework and policy support. The research results indicate that although China has made certain progress in legal systems and economic benefits regarding GI protection, it still faces issues such as inadequate law enforcement, ineffective market promotion, and weak brand development. Based on these findings, this paper proposes strategies including strengthening legal enforcement, promoting brand development, and enhancing public awareness, aiming to provide references for further improving China's GI protection system for agricultural products. Future research directions may further explore the quantitative impact of GIs on regional economies and internationalization pathways.
Copyright (c) 2024 LiangYong Wu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
SOCIAL EXPECTATIONS AND PERSONAL CHOICES: ANALYZING THE MARRIAGE WILLINGNESS OF YOUNG PEOPLE UNDER ECONOMIC CONSTRAINTS
This study aims to analyze the reasons for the declining marriage willingness among young people in China, with a particular focus on the roles of social expectations and economic factors. Through a literature review and theoretical analysis, the research finds that: First, despite the increasingly diverse views on marriage in modern society, traditional culture continues to play an important role in the marriage choices of young people, with many feeling pressured to marry due to family and societal expectations. Second, economic factors such as high housing prices and living costs significantly restrict young people's marriage choices, leading them to tend to postpone marriage. Finally, changes in personal values have led young people to prioritize self-actualization and personal happiness, preferring to consider marriage only after achieving career stability. These findings reveal the conflict between social expectations and personal choices, providing important implications for policy-making and social support. Future research should further explore the impact of these factors in different regions and cultural contexts to better understand the dilemmas young people face regarding marriage choices.
Copyright (c) 2024 Bei Jia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE ROLE OF COMMUNITY LEADERS AND LOCAL BUSINESSES IN EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION USAGE FOR INSECURITY REDUCTION IN EKITI STATE, NIGERIA
The study explores the role of community leaders and local businesses in effective communication usage for Insecurity reduction in Ekiti State, Nigeria. Two research questions guided the study. A descriptive research survey design and a quantitative approach were used. Community Leaders and Local Businesses Communication Usage for Insecurity Reduction (CLBCUIR) served as an instrument. Analysis was carried out by frequency distribution and percentage. The results showed that community leaders and local businesses foster cooperation, collaborate with law enforcement authorities, invest in security training, quick reporting of security incidents and mobilize the community members to combat insecurity. The article concluded that community leaders and local businesses used communication strategies to reduce insecurity in Ekiti State, Nigeria. However, some insecurity challenges such as crimes, violence, and conflicts are still prevalent in the area. It was recommended that security discourse involving other security stakeholders such as law enforcement authorities and Civil Society Organisation (CSO) should be prioritized by the government.
Copyright (c) 2024 Shaibu Leonard; Faluyi Janet Ayobami; Godwin O. Opaluwa; Haruna Ojonugwa John https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
RESEARCH ON OFF-SITE ELDERLY CARE OF RURAL ELDERLY MIGRANTS: AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF THE L COMMUNITY IN XI’AN, CHINA
As China's urbanization process accelerates, the rural elderly migrants have gradually become a special social group. They move to cities to take care of their grandchildren or to facilitate their children's support, and face unique challenges of elderly care in other places. The study takes the rural elderly migrants in L Community of Xi'an as a case study, and through in-depth interviews and field research, analyzes the current situation of elderly care for this group in the city and the main problems they face. The results show that the rural elderly migrants face multiple difficulties in urban life, such as insufficient economic support, difficulty in social integration, and lack of elderly care resources. In addition, the dual urban-rural social security system has further aggravated the elderly care pressure of this group. Therefore, this study suggests intervention from multiple dimensions such as policy, community support, and family relationships to improve the current situation of rural elderly people living in other places and enhance their quality of life.
Copyright (c) 2024 ShuHeng Guo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
SDG LOCALIZATION ITEMS—EXAMPLE OF SAO PAULO CITY
Sao Paulo is the capital of the state of Sao Paulo. After the 1980s, Sao Paulo entered into the mode of rapid urbanization, and during the period of rapid urbanization, Sao Paulo expanded its urban functions and gradually built the city to be an international city with integration of Industry, Commerce, Service Industry and Financial Industry. Sao Paulo carry on The 17 Sustainable Development Goals proposed by the UN all the time. In recent years due to climate change, SDG biodiversity strategy in Sao Paulo have gradually been put on the agenda.
Copyright (c) 2024 RuJia Wei https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
ANALYSIS OF TENCENT GAME’S MARKETING STRATEGY
This article takes online games as the main research subject and Tencent games as the research object to investigate and analyze their overseas distribution and operation strategies. Taking Tencent Games as a reference system, it summarizes the experience, problems and shortcomings of Chinese games going global. The purpose of this article is two-fold: First, to study the current situation of Tencent's game overseas communication, try to summarize effective overseas game distribution and operation strategies, and provide an overseas exploration path for the game industry. An important part of Chinese society, culture and entertainment. Second, we are committed to combining the operational strategy of overseas game distribution with cross-cultural communication, and trying to explore ways to tell Chinese stories and Chinese culture "going global" based on game communication.
Game overseas Distribution and operation
Copyright (c) 2024 BoFan He; XiaoLu Ruan; Wei Mao; Gang Chen; Yao Chen https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0