Academic Journal of Earth Sciences (AJES) is an international peer-reviewed, open access journal.
DESIGNING RESILIENT URBAN GREENSPACES: COMBINING ECOSYSTEM REPAIR AND MULTIFUNCTIONAL LANDSCAPING IN MUNICIPAL PARK PROJECTS
Take the ecological greening project of a certain lake as an example, this research explores the integrated application of ecological restoration and landscape design strategies in municipal park construction. By employing soil remediation, water purification, biodiversity enhancement, and low-impact development (LID) techniques, the project established an urban green space system that balances ecological functionality and aesthetic value. Results demonstrate that the synergy between native plant cultivation and ecological engineering technologies not only achieves a sustainable landscape with "year-round greenery and seasonal blooms" but also significantly improves ecosystem services, offering a replicable model for similar projects.
Copyright (c) 2025 ZiTong Ji; Tao Yu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
CAUSE ANALYSIS OF A FLOOD-CAUSING RAINSTORM PROCESS IN THE MIDDLE REACHES OF THE YANGTZE RIVER
Conventional meteorological observation and 6-hour re-analysis data of NCEP1°×1° were used to analyze the cause of the process from July 18 to 19, 2020. The results showed that the "07.18" process had the characteristics of mixed precipitation, the circulation pattern was double resistance, and the southwest and northeast winds were strongly converging in the middle and low levels, which was conducive to the generation of systematic heavy precipitation. The middle-scale convergence system is at least 3h earlier than the occurrence of heavy precipitation, which can be used as a reference for this kind of weather forecast. The water vapor condition and dynamic condition are good, but the energy condition is general, which is not conducive to the occurrence of short-term heavy precipitation with heavy rain intensity. The rise of the cold air in the boundary layer and its above strong convergence and high altitude strong divergence are one of the main reasons for the occurrence of this heavy precipitation. In addition, the MPV center has a good indication of the rainstorm center.
Copyright (c) 2024 LiTian Xing https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
This research article delves into the critical aspects of Earth science as they pertain to Nigeria, aiming to identify the key geological, hydrological, and environmental challenges facing the nation. The primary objectives include examining the impact of geological formations on resource distribution and evaluating the implications of climate change on Nigeria’s water resources. Utilizing a combination of field studies, remote sensing data, and geographic information systems (GIS), the methods employed provide a comprehensive analysis of Nigeria's diverse geological structures, including sedimentary basins and volcanic regions. Findings reveal significant disparities in resource availability, with certain regions exhibiting rich mineral deposits while others face acute water scarcity. The study also highlights the urgent need for sustainable management practices to mitigate the effects of climate change, particularly in vulnerable communities reliant on agriculture. Furthermore, the research underscores the importance of policy frameworks that integrate scientific knowledge into environmental management and urban planning. The implications of this work are profound, as they not only contribute to the understanding of Nigeria's Earth science landscape but also serve as a call to action for policymakers, researchers, and stakeholders. By fostering collaboration between government and scientific communities, the potential for sustainable development and resource management becomes attainable, ultimately enhancing the resilience of Nigeria's ecosystems in the face of ongoing environmental changes.
Climate change impact on water resources
Copyright (c) 2024 Okechukwu Chidoluo Vitus https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
EXPORT STATUS OF SHSOCING TEXTILE INDUSTRY UNDER THE BACKGROUND OF BELT AND ROAD INITIATIVE
Shaoxing has China's largest textile trading and distribution center and a relatively complete textile industry chain, which not only brings a lot of employment for the local, but also brings a lot of foreign exchange income. Textile is the main export product of Shaoxing city, and the annual total export is the main source of its trade surplus, which plays a vital role in the economic development of Shaoxing City. However, with the continuous strengthening of technical barriers to trade, the increasingly fierce international competition and the rise of textile industries in other countries, Shaoxing textile exports continue to face more challenges. How to deal with the various challenges brought by the international market is the problem that Shaoxing city must face if it wants to maintain the advantage of textile export. Therefore, under the background of the Belt and Road, this paper takes Shaoxing textile export as an example, analyzes its current situation and problems, and finally puts forward solutions to provide reference opinions for the sustainable export development of Shaoxing textile.
Copyright (c) 2024 Xia Wu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
INVESTIGATION OF THE ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY AND INDUCED POLARISATION RESPONSE OVER A SIMULATED MINERAL TARGET USIING POLE-DIPOLE CONFIGURATION
A geophysical investigation was carried out in parts of Oye-Ekiti, to delineate and characterize the response of simulated mineral target in the area. Induced polarization (IP) and electrical resistivity (2D) were employed in this study. This research used a model tank experiment to stimulate, measure, and analyze data acquisition. The interpretation was carried out using Dipro software and statistical techniques to assess the accuracy of the pole configuration in defining mineral zones. The IP data revealed a number of subsurface zones with high real component current density which define the potential subsurface structural features (fractures/ faults zones) with possible kaolinite zone. The results from the geo-electric imaging models reveal a heterogeneous nature of mineralisation within zone of high resistivity (low conductivity) that may represent kaolin bearing quartzite vein. The 2D section of the kaolinated showed regions of both high and low conductivity with values that ranged from -100 to 74.9 Ω-1m-1 with structural trends in the NE-SW direction. The results from this research will serve as a future reference for other researchers who may wish to embark on a similar research in the mineralized zone and also help enlighten mining investors on the mineral potentials of the area.
Copyright (c) 2025 Oke O. P.; Alasi T. K. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
DISTRIBUTION CHARACTERISTICS ANALYSES AND TREND PREDICTION OF GEO-HAZARDS IN EARTHQUAKE ZONES: THE CASE OF XIAOJIAGOU WATERSHED IN WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE AREA
This paper uses Xiaojiagou in Yingxiu Town as the research object to study the evolution of the material sources in the debris flow basin in the strong earthquake area and predict the characteristics of its washout scale. It does this by using the four-phase high-definition remote sensing imagery and DEM data collected, combining them with ArcGIS technology, to carry out a detailed decipherment of the avalanches and sliders in the basin of Xiaojiagou, and using statistical analysis to derive the evolution law of the material sources and the characteristics of the material sources in the years following the earthquake. The next three to five years will continue to show a decaying trend and finally reach a stable state under the condition of no external force like strong rainfall. According to the field investigation, the ditch still has many channel sources and a small number of landslide sources. Additionally, the ditch's geomorphology makes it more likely that hydrodynamic conditions will form under the downcutting and erosion of earthquakes, flash floods, and debris flows, which in turn causes the initiation of sources and, to some extent, lowers the critical rainfall intensity of debris flow outbreaks. As a result, there is still a chance that debris flows may occur because of persistently heavy rainfall, and early warning, prevention, and control measures must be strengthened. Research on debris flow activity prediction, prevention, and early warning should be intensified. The debris flow in Xiaojiagou would partially silt the river but not completely block it under 5% and 2% rainfall frequency conditions, according to the results of a simulation of the outflow characteristics of the debris flow using the FLO-2D software. Under 1% rainfall frequency conditions, however, the debris flow would completely block the river.
Copyright (c) 2025 XiangHang Bu; SongHai Fan; ZongXi Zhang; Ke Zhu; XiaoMin Ma https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
MINERALOGICAL AND GEOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE BIOTITE MONZOGRANITE AND ASSOCIATED ION-ADSORPTION RARE EARTH ELEMENT DEPOSIT AT BAN NAM AO, HOUAPHANH PROVINCE, LAOS
Ion-adsorption-type rare earth element (REE) deposits represent a dominant resource in China. In-depth research on these deposits is crucial for enhancing the security of China's critical metal resources. Laos, a key country along the "Belt and Road" initiative, is rich in mineral resources, with significant discoveries including iron, gold, copper, lead-zinc, bauxite, and potash. In recent years, Laos has made substantial progress in REE exploration, identifying numerous deposits with development potential, among which REEs constitute a vital component. This study focuses on the weathering crust profile and fresh biotite monzogranite from the Ban Nam Ao ion-adsorption-type REE deposit in Houaphanh Province, Laos. Whole-rock major and trace element analyses, mineral composition determinations, and zircon U-Pb geochronology were conducted to elucidate the geochemical characteristics of the parent rock, its mineralogical features, and the enrichment behavior of REEs within the weathering crust. The zircon U-Pb age of the biotite monzogranite is (246.5 ± 0.59) Ma. The Ban Nam Ao granite exhibits high SiO 2 (average 69.07%), Al 2 O 3 , and K 2 O contents, with an average Rittmann index of 1.5, classifying it as a calc-alkaline magmatic rock. The biotite monzogranite is characterized by high total REE concentrations and abundant easily decomposable REE-bearing minerals, making it an excellent source for ion-adsorption-type REE mineralization. Within the weathering profile, REE concentrations are generally elevated from the topsoil to the completely weathered layer and semi-weathered layer, with the highest REE enrichment observed at the transition zone between the completely and semi-weathered layers.
Copyright (c) 2025 PeiYuan Sun; JiaYun Zhou https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
MACHINE LEARNING-BASED ENERGY CONSUMPTION PREDICTION AND OPTIMIZATION FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLES
Accurate prediction and effective optimization of energy consumption are pivotal to the advancement of electric vehicle (EV) technologies. This paper presents a machine learning-based framework for modeling, predicting, and minimizing EV energy consumption under varying operational conditions. By integrating real-world driving data with advanced regression and classification models, the study achieves high-accuracy forecasts of energy usage and proposes dynamic optimization strategies for enhanced efficiency. Experimental evaluations demonstrate that the proposed methods can reduce energy waste by up to 15% compared to conventional strategies. These results underscore the potential of data-driven approaches in driving sustainable electric mobility.
Copyright (c) 2025 Elena Romano; Mark Petersen; Ingrid Madsen https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENT AND PETROPHYSICAL EVALAUTION OF THE K CREEK OIL FIELD, NIGER DELTA BASIN, NIGERIA
This study integrated wireline log data with other supporting information such as formation well top and bottom to quantitatively determine the spatial variability of some important reservoir properties. The results obtained from the suite of gamma ray and resistivity well log analysis of the K creek oil field have been used to study and evaluate the petro-physical characteristics and hydrocarbon prospective of the well Formation. The value of Porosity ranges from 0.115 to 0.366 while the bulk volume of water of hydrocarbon-bearing zones ranges from 0.012 to 0.021. The bulk volume of hydrocarbon in the formation (BVH) ranged from 9.2% to 34.9%. Water saturation, mud filtrate saturation and hydrocarbon saturation ranged from 0.047 to 0.187; 0.543 to 0.715; 0.813 to 0.953 respectively. The percentage of movable hydrocarbon ranged from 49.6% to 52.8% and non-movable hydrocarbon ranged from 28.5% to 45.7%. The depositional environment showed coarse up and sharp top, even block with sharp top and base, saw teeth, hour glass that favor the accumulation of hydrocarbon within the reservoir.
Copyright (c) 2024 Alasi T. K. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
MACHINE LEARNING IN AIR POLLUTION MONITORING: TRANSFORMING ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION THROUGH ADVANCED ANALYTICS
Air pollution is a global challenge with significant implications for public health and the environment. Traditional pollution monitoring methods often suffer from limitations in spatial coverage, real-time data availability, and the ability to identify specific pollution sources. This paper explores the transformative potential of machine learning techniques in revolutionizing pollution monitoring and management. By leveraging advanced data analytics, predictive modeling, and intelligent sensing, machine learning-powered pollution monitoring systems can provide unprecedented insights, enabling more effective decision-making and targeted intervention strategies. The paper delves into the key applications of machine learning in pollution monitoring, including source identification, air quality forecasting, emission pattern analysis, and personalized exposure assessment. It examines the integration of machine learning with emerging technologies, such as Internet of Things (IoT) sensors and satellite imagery, to enhance the breadth and granularity of pollution data. Additionally, the review addresses the technical considerations, data challenges, and ethical implications surrounding the deployment of machine learning in this domain. Through a comprehensive analysis of case studies and industry trends, this paper serves as a guide for policymakers, environmental agencies, and technology providers seeking to harness the power of machine learning to tackle the pressing issue of air pollution. By embracing these innovative approaches, organizations can develop more robust, responsive, and data-driven pollution monitoring and mitigation strategies, ultimately improving air quality and safeguarding public health.
Copyright (c) 2024 David Kim; Lisa Wang; Robert Johnson https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
CHAR LAND ECOSYSTEM SERVICES VALUATION AND LIVELIHOOD IN NORTHERN REGIONS OF BANGLADESH
Char is newly emerged land in river channel. The research may give some illustrative indications for policy-maker on behalf of proper application of the charred area. It helps to identify the Ecosystem Services (ES) that are present in char land, the dependence of char dwellers living on the ES, and the probable value of using provisioning services. It carried out the study based on a Questionnaire survey, Focus Group Discussion, and Key Informant Interviews among the char dwellers. We identified 30 ecosystem services, where most of the provisioning ecosystem services present status are increased production, but due to low marketing facility, training, and social structure, some indigenous species are lost. The maximum of housekeepers living in the study area depended on farming/crop husbandry (major work) and dependence on provisioning ecosystem services. The total value is 2916478776.1 BDT, which is 0.05% of the total budget in the 2020-21 financial year of the people’s republic of Bangladesh. Policymakers must plan and implement effective strategies and programs to minimize vulnerability and enhance the local adaptation processes to improve such households’ livelihood across Bangladesh. The objective is to develop a comprehensive integrated plan and policies for char land development and livelihood sustainability.
Copyright (c) 2024 M. A. Khatun; M. A. Baten; M. S. Islam https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
MACHINE LEARNING-DRIVEN HIGH-THROUGHPUT SCREENING OF CATALYST CANDIDATES FOR CO2 HYDROGENATION
The escalating levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere, primarily due to human activities, pose significant challenges to global climate stability. CO2 hydrogenation emerges as a promising technology to mitigate these emissions by converting CO2 into valuable hydrocarbons and fuels, thus providing a sustainable energy pathway. Catalysts are essential for enhancing the efficiency and selectivity of this process; however, the discovery of effective catalysts is complicated by the vast array of potential materials and the intricate interactions that influence catalytic performance. Traditional methods of catalyst screening are often laborious and resource-intensive, necessitating innovative approaches to expedite the discovery process. This paper explores the integration of machine learning (ML) techniques into high-throughput screening (HTS) methodologies to facilitate the rapid evaluation of thousands of catalyst candidates for CO2 hydrogenation. By leveraging ML algorithms, we can analyze extensive datasets, identify performance patterns, and prioritize promising candidates for experimental validation. The findings demonstrate that ML-driven HTS not only accelerates catalyst discovery but also optimizes resource utilization, paving the way for more efficient solutions to combat CO2 emissions.
Copyright (c) 2024 Emma Bucher; Christopher Rau; Quan Phuong https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
DAM SITE SUITABILITY MAPPING USING GIS-BASED DAM SUITABILITY STREAM MODEL ‘DSSM’: A CASE STUDY ON THE ARGHISTAN WATERSHED IN HELMAND MAJOR BASIN, AFGHANISTAN
Suitable dam site selection is an essential or very important task in water resource management. The southern zone of Afghanistan is one of those areas that faces many Dam-related problems, such as hydroelectric power, agricultural products, low water table or less recreational activity. At the same time, the economy of this area is largely based on agriculture. Therefore, to solve these problems we should construct more dams at different areas, because dams can serve and solve these problems. This study used six influencing factors (Stream Order “Distance to Stream”, Slope, Geology, Land use/cover, Soil and Digital Elevation Model DEM) in conjunction with Dam Suitability Stream Model DSSM as Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA), to generate dam site suitability map of the Arghistan watershed, which is located in the Helmand major basin along Paktika, Ghazni, Zabul, and Kandahar provinces of Afghanistan. Each influencing factor in DSSM is weighted using Analytical Hierarchy Process AHP, before being subjected to two-time overlay analysis in Geographical Information System (ArcGIS 10.7.1) platform. 1 st where Stream Order is considered as the main parameter to create suitability on the stream map. 2 nd as a counterpart of Stream Order, the Distance to Streams layer is utilized to create an overall suitability map. Four kinds of suitability’s are visualized in each of the resulting maps, such as “Not, less, moderate, or high suitable”. By storing water for various local or regional applications the planned dam sites will lower the risk of flooding and provide hydroelectric power. Additionally, using the reservoir’s stored water for farming.
Copyright (c) 2024 Ataullah Darzar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
GEOPHYSICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF OPENING AND CLOSING STRUCTURES AT DIFFERENT SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL SCALES
Opening and closing tectonics is a new hypothesis that studies the opening and closing movement of the earth and its tectonic characteristics, analyzes the formation mechanism of the opening and closing tectonic system, and explores the origin and evolution of the earth. Opening and closing structures at different spatial and temporal scales have different geological manifestations and require research from different angles. Taking the giant open-closed tectonic area in Asia, Europe and Africa, the large-scale open-closed tectonic area in the Mediterranean, and the medium-sized open-closed tectonic area in East Dabie as examples, the application of the open-closed tectonic theory in geotectonic zoning, seismic activity, and interpretation of modern geodetic survey results was studied. applications. Research shows that: (1) Based on the perspective of open-closed tectonics, the giant open-closed structures in the Asia-Europe-Africa neighborhood can be divided into the Russian tectonic cluster, the African tectonic cluster, the North Asian tectonic cluster, the Central Asian tectonic cluster, the South Asian tectonic cluster and the East Asian tectonic cluster; (2) Strong seismic activity in Asia, Europe and Africa is closely related to the Cenozoic opening and closing tectonic transition zones between tectonic clusters; (3) Seismic profiles and focal mechanisms in the large opening and closing tectonic areas of the Mediterranean reveal the Mediterranean-Turkey-Iran — The current tectonic movement in the Afghan tectonic transition zone is mainly coalescence; (4) The ground tilt and ground strain, peripheral GNSS and flowing gravity observations of Shizishan, Huangmei, Macheng and other stations around the East Dabie medium-sized opening and closing structure reveal that It is found that there is a trend transition from "closing" to "opening" with short time scale and weak magnitude around this area. The opening and closing movement is a common mechanism for the quasi-synchronous changes in the trends of many recent observation data.
Copyright (c) 2024 Jordan Wofsy https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
PRELIMINARY DISCUSSION ON BUILDING FOUNDATION TREATMENT AND FOUNDATION SELECTION IN KARST AREAS IN WUHAN CITY
Several geomorphological units and their stratigraphic distribution in Wuhan City were sorted out. According to the stratigraphic characteristics of the karst sections of different geomorphological units, the stability of karst foundations, building foundation treatment methods and foundation selection principles were analyzed and evaluated for engineering geological survey and design.
Copyright (c) 2024 Peng Dai https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
RESEARCH PROGRESS ON REMOTE SENSING ANALYSIS OF SEA BREEZE FRONTS
This article reviews the recent 40 aResearch on remote sensing analysis of sea breeze fronts, summarizes the satellite identification and remote sensing analysis of sea breeze fronts Application of methods and techniques in the three-dimensional structure and evolution of sea breeze fronts. The results show that remote sensing research on sea breeze fronts has been carried out in many places. carried out in the region and achieved some important results; the remote sensing analysis methods of sea breeze fronts mainly include visible light image cloud line detection and thermal infrared radiation detection. Scatter meter wind field detection 3 types; detecting sea breeze fronts based on the appearance of clouds in visible light images and the propagation speed of clouds is still the current method The main means of remote sensing research on sea breeze fronts. Furthermore, based on existing research, some issues are raised that deserve further attention.
Copyright (c) 2023 Stefano Alex https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
CURRENT STATUS AND PROSPECTS OF RESEARCH ON UAV REMOTE SENSING INVERSION OF RICE AGRONOMIC PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PARAMETERS
In recent years, UAV remote sensing technology has been widely used in the inversion of physical and chemical parameters of rice, and has gradually developed into the main way to obtain remote sensing information at the plot scale of rice fields. one of the paths. In-depth analysis of the current status and existence of inversion research on rice agronomic physical and chemical parameters (referring to parameters that can determine certain physical and chemical properties in the agricultural field) based on UAV remote sensing In the problem, it is helpful to better grasp the future development trend of rice drone remote sensing. Review of UAV remote sensing technology in retrieving biochemical component content, structural parameters, productivity, etc. The current research status of the research, in which the inversion research on the content of biochemical components mainly focuses on the direction of nitrogen and chlorophyll and is still dominated by data-driven methods, such as for inversion of nitrogen Narrow band vegetation index NDRE, inversion of rice chlorophyll content by coupling extreme learning machine and partial least squares regression, etc. , and the inversion method based on physical model Fewer; the inversion research of structural parameters mainly includes leaf area index, biomass, etc. , and the method includes the radiation transfer mechanism model used to invert the leaf area index. PROSAIL, used to reverse Optimized Gaussian process regression method based on canopy spectral characteristics for evolving biomass; remote sensing of productivity focuses on rice yield estimation, disease and lodging detection, and the method is useful for water Rice estimation utilization RGB Image usage K- Means Fusion with kernel correlation filtering algorithm. A summary of UAV remote sensing platforms, equipment, and methods was conducted, and nearly 10 year rice farmer Research progress and results of UAV remote sensing inversion of physical and chemical parameters.
Copyright (c) 2023 Francesco Dumitru https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
GROUNDWATER FLOW PROCESS IN FROZEN SOIL AREAS AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH SURFACE WATER TRANSFORMATION
In the study of groundwater flow process and its relationship with surface water transformation, the distribution characteristics of frozen soil and the impact mechanism of the thawing process on the groundwater system are less studied. By analyzing the contribution of groundwater in frozen soil areas at home and abroad to river runoff, groundwater flow path and groundwater-thermal coupling model, and reviewed the research on groundwater flow process and its transformation with surface water. It is believed that: ① Affected by the spatial heterogeneity of frozen soil in the soil, the impact of groundwater in different frozen soil areas on runoff The proportion of contribution is inconsistent; ②The use of hydrochemistry and isotope tracers to study groundwater flow paths is helpful for the construction of conceptual models of groundwater flow systems in permafrost areas, but only qualitative or semi-quantitative results can be obtained; ③ Underground multi-phase flow systems The water-thermal coupling model can couple the changes in frozen soil with its corresponding hydrological response process, achieving a quantitative depiction of the groundwater flow process and its relationship with surface water transformation. However, it still needs to be further improved in terms of practicality, which is the future main research directions.
Copyright (c) 2024 James Leptoukh https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE ROLE OF IMMOBILIZED MICROBIAL TECHNOLOGY IN REMEDIATING HEAVY METAL CONTAMINATED SOIL
Immobilized microbial technology is an effective way to remediate heavy metal pollution in soil. The main content of immobilized microbial technology is reviewed, including the repair mechanism, methods of immobilized microorganisms, requirements and types of immobilized carriers, and from three aspects: improver-assisted microbial remediation, new material composite immobilized microorganisms, and co-immobilized microbial remediation. The application and potential of this technology to remediate heavy metal pollution in soil were expounded, and the research trends and existing problems of immobilized microbial technology were reviewed.
Copyright (c) 2024 Estella Glennie https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
A REVIEW ON THE MINERALOGY OF STIBNITE IN HYDROTHERMAL GOLD DEPOSITS
Stibnite is an important mineral in hydrothermal gold mineralization systems. The study of stibnite mineralogy is an integral part of the study of the mineralization mechanism of hydrothermal gold deposits. The mineralogical characteristics of stibnite mainly include physical structure and chemical composition characteristics. The author reviews the morphology, unit cell parameters, infrared spectrum, electron paramagnetic resonance spectrum and other physical characteristics of stibnite in hydrothermal gold deposits, as well as rare earth trace elements, The geochemical characteristics of sulfur isotopes, the application of antimony isotopes, the gold content of stibnite in hydrothermal gold deposits, and many other aspects.
Copyright (c) 2024 Lyda Krinov https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THEORY AND METHODS OF PREPARING WATER RESOURCES BALANCE SHEET
The preparation of water resources balance sheet is an important measure for water resources environmental protection. This article systematically combs the development process of comprehensive accounting of water resources environment at home and abroad, draws on advanced international experience, analyzes the theoretical basis and technical methods for preparing water resources balance sheets in my country, and discusses water resources resources. The determination principles of production and liabilities, table prototype design and water value accounting system have put forward solution ideas, initially constructed a technical route for water resources balance sheets that meets the actual needs of my country's water resources management, and provided a comprehensive understanding of the role of water resources balance sheets in comprehensive water resources management. An extended discussion of the role of management. These studies are expected to help explore ways to prepare water resource balance sheets.
Comprehensive accounting of resources and environment
Copyright (c) 2024 Wout M. Mark https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE IMPORTANCE AND APPLICATION OF SURVEYING AND MAPPING GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SERVICES IN MINE CONSTRUCTION
My country's construction industry has developed rapidly in recent years, and the number of mine construction projects has gradually increased, which has a positive impact on social and economic development and technological progress. Focusing on the construction work of mines, strengthen the application research of surveying and mapping geographic information services, and link the mine construction work with this service, which can effectively implement the entire process of resource surveying, mineral development, environmental governance, etc., and then provide safe production and The project construction quality provides favorable guarantee conditions and safeguards the economic interests of the enterprise. In this regard, this article will combine my own practical experience to carry out detailed analysis and demonstration.
Copyright (c) 2024 Benson J. Semmens https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
APPLICATION OF ENSEMBLE LEARNING IN ADAPTIVE SURFACE MODELING OF SOIL TOTAL POTASSIUM CONTENT IN COMPLEX LANDFORM AREAS
The spatial distribution of soil properties is affected by complex geological environmental factors, and the spatial differentiation characteristics are very obvious. It is difficult to achieve high-precision simulation using a single global interpolation model to simulate soil properties. For the characteristics of spatial discontinuity, limited accuracy of global interpolation models and poor adaptability, this paper proposes an adaptive surface modeling method of soil properties (ASM-SP) supported by ensemble learning and integrating geoscientific environmental variables. Using 110 sample point data collected in 2013, regression kriging (RK), Bayesian kriging (BK), ordinary kriging interpolation (OK), inverse distance weighting (IDW), ASM- SP, the total potassium content of soil was interpolated in Qinghai Lake complex landform type area. This article uses the point-by-point cross validation (LOOCV) interpolation method to simulate accuracy. The results show that ASM-SP not only takes into account the nonlinear relationship between geological environmental variables and soil properties, but also integrates the adaptability advantages of multiple models. It is a new method to achieve high-precision simulation of total soil potassium content in complex landform areas.
Copyright (c) 2024 Nikou Heung https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
A REVIEW OF GEOLOGICAL SURVEY RESEARCH ON WEATHERING CRUST COVERAGE AREAS AT HOME AND ABROAD
By collecting, translating, and studying a large number of domestic and foreign literature on weathering crust research, this article reviewed the current status of weathering crust research and elaborated on the role of red soil in southern China. Progress in causes, eras, environment and climate. In the form of cases, from theory and practice 2. An overview of the geological surveys of weathering crust coverage areas at home and abroad, focusing on successful cases in geology, geophysics, geochemistry, soil, remote sensing, and drilling geological surveys of special geological areas of weathering crust abroad. For example, in order to better serve the weathering crust of special landform areas in my country 1:50,000 geological mapping pilot work.
Geophysical and geochemical exploration technology
Copyright (c) 2023 John Oliver https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
SUMMARY OF EVALUATION AND IMPACT OF UNCONVENTIONAL NATURAL GAS EXPLORATION AND DEVELOPMENT
Although the exploration and development of unconventional natural gas is of certain significance, the geological characteristics and remaining resources of unconventional natural gas cannot yet be determined. Sources and economic impact, especially outside North America. The exploration and development of unconventional natural gas is different from the exploration and development of conventional natural gas. Development, because the geology and distribution of unconventional natural gas exploration and development have certain characteristics, and mining is difficult and the workload is relatively large. It is large and there are many uncertain factors; besides, the technology for surveying is not very mature yet. Evaluation and impact of unconventional natural gas exploration and development analyze.
Copyright (c) 2023 Joachim Paolo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ENTRAINMENT RATE AND SUMMER MONSOON DYNAMICS IN THE EASTERN NORTHWEST MONSOON TRANSITION REGION
The entrainment rate refers to the ratio of the surrounding air mass to the air mass involved in the rising unit distance, including turbulent entrainment and dynamic entrainment. It is applied to the boundary layer parameterization of convective clouds, numerical model improvement, and observation of cloud droplet spectrum dispersion and tropical cyclone studies. Using the high-altitude intensive observation data at 07:00 and 19:00 every day from May to September 2006 to September 2016 in the monsoon transition zone in the northwestern part of Minqin, Yuzhong, Pingliang, Yinchuan, and Yan'an, combined with the daily observation data on the ground, calculate the entrainment rate at different heights, and obtain the relationship between entrainment rate and height, monsoon precipitation and monsoon in different regions. The results show that: ① The entrainment rate is directly proportional to air temperature and saturated water vapor pressure, but inversely proportional to relative humidity. The relative humidity threshold of clouds is 65%. The higher the relative humidity threshold, the lower the cloud heights of different magnitudes of precipitation, and the cloud heights increase with the increase of rainfall. ② There are obvious early-night changes and regional differences in the entrainment rate: from the surface to 3 km, at 07 o'clock is significantly smaller than at 19 o'clock, the near-surface layer weakens with increasing altitude, and increases with altitude above 500 m; from small to large is the monsoon affected area, monsoon swing area and non-monsoon area, there is no obvious regional difference above 3 km. ③ The entrainment rate is closely related to the intensity and nature of precipitation: the entrainment rate decreases with the increase of rain intensity from near the ground to below 600m, but increases with the increase of rain intensity from 500m to 2-3 km; Stable precipitation below has strong entrainment, while convective precipitation above has strong entrainment. Convective precipitation has high saturated water vapor pressure and strong entrainment, while stable precipitation has high saturated water vapor density and rich water vapor but weak entrainment. ④ The relationship between the entrainment rate and the monsoon and its duration: the entrainment rate weakens from no monsoon to monsoon presence, and the maximum height of the strongest entrainment also decreases. There is no obvious difference in the duration of the entrainment rate between the non-monsoon area and the monsoon-affected area. Only in the monsoon swing area, the longer the duration near the surface, the smaller the entrainment rate, and the opposite is true at 1-2 km high. ⑤ The relationship between the entrainment rate and the Asian-Pacific Oscillation (APO) monsoon intensity index shows that: at 07:00, the near-surface layer increases with height, and above 800 m, it weakens with height, and the correlation between monsoon intensity and entrainment rate is not obvious; at 19:00, the near-surface It increases with altitude, and weakens with altitude above 300 m, and the stronger the monsoon, the smaller the entrainment rate. The entrainment rate decreases as the boundary layer height decreases.
Copyright (c) 2020 Xiaoyan Gong https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
FACTORS CONTROLLING SANDSTONE RESERVOIR PROPERTIES OF CRETACEOUS NAHR UMR FORMATION IN HALFAYA OILFIELD, IRAQ
Based on core observation and casting thin section identification, combined with physical properties, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, mercury intrusion experiment, etc., the physical properties and controlling factors of sandstone reservoirs in the Cretaceous Nahr Umr Formation in Halfaya Oilfield, Iraq were discussed.. The results show that the tidal-controlled delta facies sandstone reservoirs in the B member of the Cretaceous Nahr Umr Formation in the Halfaya Oilfield have the physical properties of medium pores and medium permeability. The pore types are mainly intergranular pores and dissolution pores, and the pore throats vary greatly. Strong homogeneity; the controlling factors of reservoir physical properties include sedimentation and diagenesis. Sedimentation affects the type of pore space and pore structure. Reservoirs with good physical properties are developed in areas with strong hydrodynamic conditions and good rock component structure characteristics. In the reservoir, diagenesis has significantly modified the physical properties of the reservoir. The compaction and cementation have caused a large number of pores to be filled. The authigenic minerals and clay minerals not only reduce the pore space, but also cause the pore throat to be blocked and the physical properties to deteriorate., and the secondary pores produced by dissolution improve the physical properties of the reservoir; the best quality reservoirs are developed in the cross-bedding sandstone of tidal-controlled distributary channel facies, which have large particle size, good sorting, high relative content of quartz, The characteristics of low clay mineral content, low cement content, well-developed pores, and large pore throat radius correspond to medium-high porosity and high permeability, which is the focus of reservoir characterization and modeling in the study area.
Copyright (c) 2023 Ammar Saad; Xia Yin; Ruitao Zhang https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
LITHOFACIES TYPES AND RESERVOIR DEVELOPMENT CHARACTERISTICS OF CONTINENTAL SHALE IN THE ZILIUJING FORMATION IN NORTHEAST SICHUAN BASIN
The potential of continental shale gas resources in China is huge, and the Lower Jurassic in some parts of northeastern Sichuan has obtained industrial shale gas flow. Carrying out research on shale lithofacies division and reservoir characteristics is conducive to further exploration and development of continental shale gas. The continental shale of the Ziliujing Formation in the Northeast Sichuan Basin was carefully studied by XRD, ordinary thin section, scanning electron microscope, high-pressure mercury intrusion, N2 adsorption and CO2 adsorption. The shale is divided into 12 different lithofacies by taking the abundance of organic matter and mineral composition as classification parameters, and it is found that the shale of the Ziliujing Formation mainly develops four kinds of lithofacies, namely organic-poor siliceous shale (Ⅰ3), mixed organic matter shale (Ⅳ2), organic siliceous shale (Ⅰ2) and organic-rich clay shale (Ⅱ1). The characteristics of shale reservoirs of different lithofacies are quite different. Organic matter-rich clay shale has an organic matter content of more than 2%, the best hydrocarbon generation potential, good connectivity between organic matter pores and intercrystalline pores of clay minerals, and a relatively small specific surface area. Large and well-developed laminar structure is conducive to industrial fracturing, and is the optimal continental shale lithofacies, and is the most favorable target for exploration and development of continental shale gas; organic matter-containing mixed shale (Ⅳ2) has an organic matter content greater than 1 %, higher pore volume, better gas storage capacity, and the development of layered structures that are conducive to fracturing, it is a good continental shale lithofacies, which is a more favorable target for exploration and development; while the organic-poor siliceous shale (Ⅰ 3) and organic-containing siliceous shale (Ⅰ2) are massive, with low pore volume and specific surface area. They are poor continental shale lithofacies, and are the most unfavorable targets for exploration and development.
Copyright (c) 2023 Yuling Chen; Kai Han; Chen Yixiang; Gan Fuping; Zhao Wei https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0